10th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 4 | The World After World War II - TEXTBOOK EVALUATION with KEY ANSWERS

  The World After World War II

I. Choose the correct answer

1.  Which American President followed the policy of containment of Communism?

     a) Woodrow Wilson

     b) Truman

     c) Theodore Roosevelt

     d) Franklin Roosevelt

     Ans: b) Truman

 

2.  When was People’s Political Consultative Conference held in China?

     a) September 1959

     b) September 1948

     c) September 1954

     d) September 1949

     Ans: d) September 1949

 

3.  The United States and European allies formed _____ to resist any Soviet aggression in Europe.

     a) SEATO

     b) NATO

     c) SENTO

     d) Warsaw Pact

     Ans: b) NATO

 

4.  Who became the Chairman of the PLO’s Executive Committee in 1969?

     a) Hafez al-Assad

     b) Yasser Arafat                        

     c) Nasser

     d) Saddam Hussein

     Ans: b) Yasser Arafat

 

5.  When was North and South Vietnam united?

     a) 1975

     b) 1976

     c) 1973

     d) 1974

     Ans: b) 1976

 

6.  When was the Warsaw Pact dissolved?

     a) 1979

     b) 1989

     c) 1990

     d) 1991

     Ans: d) 1991

II. Fill in the blanks

1. ______ was known as the "Father of modern China".                   
2. In 1918, the Society for the study of Marxism was formed in ______ University.        
3. After the death of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the leader of the Kuomintang party was _______.
4. ____ treaty is open to any Arab nation desiring peace and security in the region.
5. The treaty of _____ provided for mandates in Turkish -Arab Empire.
6. Germany joined the NATO in ______.
7. _____ was the Headquarters of the Council of Europe.            
8. _______ treaty signed on February 7, 1992 created the European Union.

    Answer :

1. Dr. Sun Yat-Sen
2. Peking
3. Chiang Kai-Shek
4. The Central Treaty Organization
5. Versailles
6. 1955
7. Strasbourg
8. The Maastricht

 

III. Choose the correct statement

1.  i)  In China (1898) the young emperor, under the influence of the educated minority, initiated a series of reforms known as the 100 days of reforms.

     ii)  The Kuomintang Party represented the interests of the workers and peasants.

     iii) Yuan Shih-Kai had lost prestige in the eyes of Nationalists, when he agreed to the demand of Japan to have economic control of Manchuria and Shantung.

     iv) Soviet Union refused to recognize the People’s Republic of China for more than two decades.

     a) i) and ii) are correct

     b) ii) and iii) are correct

     c) i) and iii) are correct

     d) i) and iv) are correct           

     Ans: c) i) and iii) are correct

 

2.   i)  In 1948, the Soviets had established left wing government in the countries of Eastern Europe that had been liberated by the Soviet Army.

      ii) The chief objective of NATO was to preserve peace and security in the North Atlantic region.

      iii) The member countries of SEATO were committed to prevent democracy from gaining ground in the region.

      iv) Britain used the atomic bomb against Japan to convey its destructive capability to the USSR.

     a) ii), iii) and iv) are correct

     b) i) and ii) are correct

     c) iii) and iv) are correct

     d) i), ii) and iii) are correct

     Ans: b) i) and ii) are correct

 

3.  Assertion (A)   : America’s Marshall Plan was for reconstruction of the war-ravaged Europe.

     Reason (R)      : The US conceived the Marshall Plan to bring the countries in the Western Europe under its influence.

     a) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A

     b) Both (A) and (R) are wrong

     c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

     d) (A) is wrong and (R) is correct

     Ans: c) Both (A) and (R) are correct and R is the correct explanation of A

  

IV. Match the following

I		II		Answers
1	Dr. Sun Yat-Sen	a	South Vietnam	b	Kuomintang
2	Syngman Rhee	b	Kuomintang	c	South Korea
3	Anwar Sadat	c	South Korea	d	Egypt
4	Ho-Chi Minh	d	Egypt	e	North Vietnam
5	Ngo Dinh Diem	e	North Vietnam	a	South Vietnam

  

V. Answer briefly

1.  Write any three causes for the Chinese Revolution of 1911.

• The disintegration of the  government of Manchu dynasty began with the death  of the  Dowager - Empress in 1908.
• The new emperor was two years old and the Provincial governors began to assert their independence.
• In October 1911 the local army mutinied and the revolt spread.
• Provincial governors removed the Manchu garrisons and proclaimed their independence.

2.  Write a note on Mao’s Long March.

• Chiang Kai Shek circled around the communists.
• Mao wanted to move out of Hunan.
• In 1934, the communist army of about 100,000 set out on a Long march, the march has become legendary.
• Out of the 100,000, only 20,000 finally reached Sheni.
• By 1937 Mao had become the leader of over 10 million people of China.

 

3.  What do you know of Baghdad Pact?

• Turkey, Iraq, Great Britain, Pakistan and Iran signed a pact in 1955. This pact was known as “Baghdad Pact”.
• In 1958 the United States joined the organisation. Thereafter it came to be known as “The Central Treaty Organisation (CENTO)”. This treaty was open to any Arab nation desiring peace and security in the region. CENTO was dissolved in 1979.

 

4.  What was Marshall Plan?

• The US conceived the Marshall Plan to bring the countries in the western Europe under its influence by helping them with US finance.
• Marshall plan sought to help the countries of Europe with American dollars to facilitate their early recovery from the destruction caused by the Second World War.

 

5.  Write a note on Third World countries.

• First World - The Capitalist countries led by the US.
• Second World - The Communist countries led by the Soviet Union
• Third World - The countries outside these First World and Second World.

  

6.  How was the Cuban missile crisis defused?

• In April 1961 an army of Cuban exiles landed on the island of Bay  of Pigs. The US bombed Cuban air fields with the objective of overthrowing Castro’s regime. US warships surrounded Cuba.
• The Kennedy government received intelligence that the USSR was secretly installing nuclear missiles in Cuba. Finally, the Soviet President Khrushchev agreed to withdraw the missiles and thus the missile crisis was defused.

 

VI. Answer in detail

1.      Estimate the role of Mao Tse tung in making China a communist country

• After the death of Sun Yat Sen the Leader of the Kuomintang was Chiangkai Shek.
• The Communist party was under Mao Tse Tung and Chou En Lai.

Mao as organizer of Peasants:

• Mao understood that the Kuomintang grip on the towns was very strong. So he concentrated his energies on organising peasantry.
• A few hundred Communists led by Mao retreated into the wild mountains.
• There they stayed for seven years. The Kuomintang could not enter the mountains.
• The campaign against the Communists was distracted as Chiang Kai Shek had to deal with the constant threat from Japan and also the attacks from war lords.

Long March:

• Chiang Kai Shek circled around the Communists.
• Mao wanted to move out of Hunan.
• In 1934 the Communist army of about 100,000 set out on the Long march. In 1935 Mao reached northern Sheni after crossing 6000 miles only with 20,000 members.
• By 1937 Mao had become the leader of over 10 million people of China.

Role of Mao Tse Tung:

• Mao was keen on obtaining the support of the middle class.
• He declared that what the communists wanted was the rule of the people, and not the dictatorship.

National People’s Congress:

• In September 1949, 650 delegates from the Communist party met and elected the Central Governing Council with Mao as Chairman.
• The People’s Republic of China was established under the leadership of Mao Tse Tung.

 

2.     Narrate the history of transformation of Council of Europe into an European Union.

        One of the momentous decisions taken in the post - War II era was to integrate the states of Western Europe. In doing so the Europeans wanted.

1. To prevent further European wars by ending the rivalry between France and Germany.
2. To create a united Europe to resist any threat from Soviet Russia.
3. To form a third force in the world to counter - balance the strength of the US and USSR.
4. To make full use of the Economic and military resources of Europe by organizing them on a continental scale.

     1 Council of Europe: In May 1949 ten countries met in London and signed to form a Council of Europe. The Council of Europe was established with its headquarters at Strasbourg.

     2. European coal and steel Community: The European Defence Community (EDC) and the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) were established.

     3. European Economic Community: Six countries belonging to ECSC signed the Treaty of Rome and established the European Economic Community. (EEC) or the European Common Market.

        Its headquarters was at Brussels. It eliminated barriers to the movement of goods, services and capital.

        A common agricultural policy and a common external trade policy were evolved.

     4. Single European Act: The Single European Act came into force on July 1, 1987. Each member was given multiple votes depending on the population.

     5. European Union: The Maastricht Treaty was signed on February 7, 1992. It created the European Union. Today the European Union has 28 member countries.

 

VII. Activity

1.  Divide the class into two groups. Let one group act as supporters of USA and the other group act as supporters of Soviet Union, Organise a debate.

2.  Involving the entire class, an album may be prepared with pictures relating to Korean, Arab-Israeli and Vietnam Wars to highlight the human sufferings in terms of death and devastation.