10th Social Science History Solutions Chapter 5 | Social and Religious Reform Movements in the 19th Century - TEXTBOOK EVALUATION with KEY ANSWERS

 Social and Religious Reform
Movements in the 19th Century

I.    Choose the correct answer

1.    In which year was Sati abolished?

       a) 1827

       b) 1829

       c) 1826

       d) 1927

       Ans: b) 1829

 

2.    What was the name of the Samaj founded by Dayananda Saraswati?

       a) Arya Samaj

       b) Brahmo Samaj

       c) Prarthana Samaj

       d) Adi Brahmo Samaj

       Ans: a) Arya Samaj

 

3.    Whose campaign and work led to the enactment of Widow Remarriage Reform Act of 1856?

       a) Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar

       b) Raja Rammohan Roy

       c) Annie Besant

       d) Jyotiba Phule

       Ans: a) Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar

 

4.    Whose voice was Rast Goftar?

       a) Parsi Movement

       b) Aligarh Movement

       c) Ramakrishna Mission

       d) Dravida Mahajana Sabha

       Ans: a) Parsi Movement

 

5.    Who was the founder of Namdhari Movement?

       a) Baba Dayal Das

       b) Baba Ramsingh

       c) Gurunanak

       d) Jyotiba Phule

       Ans: b) Baba Ramsingh

 

6.    Who was the founder of Widow Remarriage Association?

       a) M.G. Ranade

       b) Devendranath Tagore

       c) Jyotiba Phule

       d) Ayyankali

       Ans: a) M.G. Ranade

 

7.    Who was the author of the book Satyarthaprakash ?

       a) Dayananda Saraswathi

       b) Iyothee Thassar

       c) Annie Besant

       d) Swami Shradanatha

       Ans: a) Dayananda Saraswathi

 

II. Fill in the blanks

1.    _______ founded the Samarasa Vedha Sanmarga Sangam.

2.    The founder of Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was _______.

3.    Gulumgiri was written by _______.

4.    Ramakrishna Mission was established by _______.

5.    _______ was the forerunner of Akali Movement.

6.    ‘Oru Paisa Tamilan’ was started by __________.

       Answers

1.     Vallalar (Ramalinga Adigal)

2.     M.G. Ranade

3.     Jyotiba Phule

4.     Vivekananda

5.     Singh Sabha

6.     Iyothee Thassar

 

III. Choose the correct statement

1.    i)  Raja Rammohan Roy preached monotheism

       ii)  He encouraged idolatry

       iii) He published tracts condemning social evils

       iv) Raja Rammohan Roy was supported by Governor General William Bentinck

       a)  i) is correct

       b) i) and ii) are correct

       c) i), ii) and iii) are correct

       d) i), iii) and iv) are correct

       Ans: d) i), iii) and iv) are correct

 

2.    i)   Prarthana Samaj was founded by Dr. Atma Ram Pandurang

       ii)  Prarthana Samaj encouraged inter-dining and inter-caste marriage

       iii) Jyotiba Phule worked for the upliftment of men.

       iv) Prarthana Samaj had its origin in Punjab.

       a) i) is correct

       b) ii) is correct

       c) i) and ii) are correct

       d) iii) and iv) are correct

       Ans: c) i) and ii) are correct

 

3.    i)   Ramakrishna Mission was actively involved in social causes such as education, health care,   relief in time of calamities.

       ii) Ramakrishna emphasised the spiritual union with god through ecstatic practices.

       iii) Ramakrishna established the Ramakrishna Mission

       iv) Ramakrishna opposed the Partition of Bengal

       a) i) is correct

       b) i) and ii) are correct

       c) iii) is correct

       d) i), (iii) and (iv) are correct

       Ans: b) i) and ii) are correct

 

4.    Assertion     : Jyotiba Phule opened orphanages and homes for widows

       Reason         : Jyotiba Phule opposed child marriage and supported widow remarriage

       a) Assertion is correct but reason is not apt to the assertion

       b) Assertion is correct and the reason is apt to the assertion

       c) Both are wrong

       d) Reason is correct but assertion is irrelevant

       Ans: a) Assertion is correct but reason is not apt to the assertion

 

IV. Match the following

I		II		Answers
1.	Oru paisa Tamilan	a	Widows' Remarriage Reform Act	d	Journal
2.	Thiruvarutpa	b	Nirankari	e	Songs of Grace
3.	Baba Dayal Das	c	Adi Brahmo Samaj	b	Nirankari
4.	Iswar chandra Vidyasagar	d	Journal	a	Widows' Remarriage Reform Act
5.	Debendranath Tagore	e	Songs of Grace	c	Adi Brahmo Samaj

 

V. Answer briefly

1. Mention the four articles of faith laid down by Maharishi Debendranath Tagore.

• In the beginning there was nothing. The one Supreme Being alone existed who created the Universe.
• He alone is the God of Truth, Infinite wisdom, Goodness and Power, eternal, Omnipresent, the One without second.
• Our salvation depends on belief in Him and in His worship in this world and the next.
• Belief consists in loving Him and doing His will.

 

2. Discuss Mahadev Govind Ranade’s contribution to social reforms.

• Ranade was a distinguished member of the Prarthana Samaj
• M.G. Ranade devoted himself to activities such as inter-caste dining, inter-caste marriage, widow remarriage and improvement of women and depressed classes.
• He founded the Widow Marriage Association, The Poona Sarvajanik Sabha and The Deccan Education Society.

 

3. Write a note on reforms of Ramalinga Adigal.

• Ramalinga Adigal emphasised the bonds of responsibility and compassion between living beings.
• He showed his compassion and mercy on all living beings including plants. This he called “Jeeva Karunya”.
• He established the Samarasa Vedha Sanmarga Sangam in 1865.
• Ramalinga also established a free feeding house for everyone irrespective of caste at Vadalur (1867) in the wake of a terrible famine in South India in 1866.

 

4. List the social evils eradicated by Brahmo Samaj.

• Sati
• Child marriage
• Polygamy
• Subjucation of women

 

5. Highlight the work done by Jyotiba Phule for the welfare of the poor and the marginalized.

• Jyothiba Phule opened the first school for “untouchables” in Poona.
• He launched Satyashodak Samaj to stir the non-Brahman masses to self-respect.
• He opposed child marriage and supported widow remarriage.
• Jyotiba and his wife devoted their lives for the uplift of the depressed classes and women.
• He opened orphanages and homes for the widows.

 

VII. Answer in detail

1. Discuss the circumstances that led to the Reform movements of 19th century.

• English education produced a new English educated middle class. This class came under the influence of western ideas and thoughts.
• Christianity also had its effect on the newly emerging middle class.
• The educated middle class began to take a lead in political as well as in reform movements.
• The Indian reformers attempted to harmonize both Indian and Western cultures.
• Their ideas and actions helped to mitigate social evils such as Sati, Female infanticide and Child marriage and various superstitious beliefs.
• The reformist movements like the Brahmo Samaj, the Prarthana Samaj and Aligarh movement; and the revivalist movements such as the Arya Samaj and Ramakrishna Mission inspired the people very much.
• Reformers like Jyotiba Phule, Narayana Guru, Ramalinga Adigal and Iyothee Thassar attempted to challenge the oppressive social structure.
• Thus began the Reform movement in the 19th Century.

 

2. Evaluate the contributions of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Swami Vivekananda to regenerate Indian society.

    Contribution of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa:-

• Ramakrishna Paramahamsa emphasised the spiritual union with God through ecstatic practices such as singing bhajans.
• An ardent worshipper of Goddess Kali, the sacred mother, he declared that the manifestations of the divine mother were infinite.
• In his view, all religions contain the universal elements which would lead to salvation.
• He said, “Jiva is Siva” (all living beings are God).
• According to him service to man is service to God.

    Contributions of Swami Vivekananda:

• Swami Vivekananda was the prime follower of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa.
• He advocated the practical Vedanta of service to humanity. He attacked the tendency to defend every institution simply because it was connected with religion.
• He made a call to Indian youth to regenerate Hindu society.
• His ideas bred a sense of self-confidence among Indians.
• Vivekananda’s activist ideology rekindled the desire for political change among many western-educated young Bengalis.
• Vivekananda inspired the youths involved in the militant nationalist struggle.
• He founded Ramakrishna Mission.
• Apart from religious activities Ramakrishna Mission was actively involved in social causes such as education, health care and relief in times of calamities.

 

3.    Write an essay on the role played by the 19th century reformers towards the cause of Women.

        Raja Rammohan Roy:

• Raja Rammohan Roy advocated the rights of widows to remarry. He wanted polygamy to end.
• It was because of Raja Rammohan Roy’s hard work, Lord William Bentinck passed Sati Abolition Act in 1829.
• Raja Rammohan Roy condemned the subjugation of women and opposed the prevailing ideas that women were inferior to men. He strongly advocated education for women.

        Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:

• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was against sati, polygamy and child marriage.
• He supported remarriage of widows.
• He played a leading role in promoting education of girls. He dedicated his whole life for the betterment of the child widows of the Hindu society. Because of his efforts the Widows’ Remarriage Reform Act was passed in 1856.

        M.G. Ranade:

• Justice M.G. Ranade devoted himself to activities such as inter-caste marriage, widow remarriage and improvement of women and depressed.
• He was the founder of the Widow Marriage Association (1861)

        Jyotiba Phule:

• Phule opposed child marriage and supported widow remarriage.
• Joytiba and his wife devoted their lives for the uplift of the depressed classes and women. He opened orphanages and homes for widows.

        Dayananda Saraswati:

• Dayananda Saraswati opposed child marriage and supported widows remarriage.

 

VII. Activity (Activity for students)

1. Role-play by students on Reformers and their reforms of the 19th century India.            

2. Debate on Social evils of 19th century with those of present day.