10th Social Science Geography Solutions Chapter 1 | India - Location, Relief and Drainage - TEXTBOOK EVALUATION with KEY ANSWERS

 India - Location, Relief and Drainage

I. Choose the Correct Answer

1.    The north-south extent of India is _______.
a) 2,500 km
b) 2,933 km
c) 3,214 km
d) 2,814 km
Ans: c) 3,214 km

 

2.    _________ river is known as ‘Sorrow of Bihar’.
a) Narmada
b) Godavari
c) Kosi
d) Damodar
Ans: c) Kosi

 

3.    A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as _________.
a) Coast
b) Island
c) Peninsula
d) Strait
Ans: c) Peninsula

 

4.    The Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar separate India from _______.
a) Goa
b) West Bengal
c) Sri Lanka
d) Maldives
Ans: c) Sri Lanka

 

5.    The highest peak in South India is _______.
a) Ooty
b) Kodaikanal
c) Anaimudi
d) Jindhagada
Ans: c) Anaimudi

 

6.    _________  plains are formed by the older alluviums.
a) Bhabar
b) Tarai
c) Bhangar
d) Khadar
Ans: c) Bhangar

 

7.   Pulicat lake is located between the states of _______.
a) West Bengal and Odisha           
b) Karnataka and Kerala                
c) Odisha and Andhra Pradesh
d) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
Ans: d) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

 

II. Match the Following

 

I		II
1.	Tsangpo	a	Tributary of River Ganga
2.	Yamuna	b	Highest peak in India
3.	New alluvium	c	River Brahmaputra in Tibet
4.	Mt. Godwin Austen (K2)	d	Southern part of East coastal plain
5.	Coromandel coast	e	Khadhar

 

Answers
1.	Tsangpo	c	River Brahmaputra in Tibet
2.	Yamuna	a	Tributary of River Ganga
3.	New alluvium	e	Khadhar
4.	Mt. Godwin Austen (K2)	b	Highest peak in India
5.	Coromandel coast	d	Southern part of East coastal plain

 

III. Give Reason

1.     Himalayas are called young fold mountains.

• Himalayas have been formed only a few million years ago and they were formed by the folding of the earth crust due to tectonic activity.

 

2.     North Indian rivers are perennial.

• The North Indian rivers originate from the Himalayas.
• They receive water from the melting of snow from the peaks of the Himalayas and also from the monsoons.

 

3.     South Indian rivers are east flowing.

• Most of the South Indian rivers originate from the Western Ghats.
• Moreover the topography of South India slopes towards east. So the South Indian rivers are east flowing.

 

4.      West flowing rivers do not form deltas.

• The west flowing rivers are narrow.
• The western coastal plain is also narrow.
• And it is flooded during high tides, So the west flowing rivers do not form deltas.

 

IV. Distinguish between the following

1.     Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers.

Himalayan rivers		Peninsular rivers.
1.	Originate from the Himalayas.	Originate from the Western Ghats.
2.	Long and wide	Short and narrow
3.	Perennial in nature	Non-perennial in nature
4.	Unsuitable for hydro-power generation	Suitable for hydro-power generation
5.	Useful for navigation	Not useful for navigation.

 

 

2.     Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.

Western Ghats		Eastern Ghats
1.	The Western Ghats form the western edge of the peninsular plateau.	The Eastern Ghats run from southwest to northeast from the eastern edge of Peninsular plateau.
2.	The Western Ghats run parallel to the Arabian sea coast.	The Eastern Ghats run parallel to the Bay of Bengal.
3.	There are three important passes in the Western Ghats	There is no pass. These are a series of intersected hills.
4.	The Western Ghats are continuous range of mountains	The Eastern Ghats are not continuous as the Western Ghats.
5.	The northern part of this range is called Sahyadris.	This range is called Poorvadri

 

3.      Western Coastal Plains and Eastern Coastal Plains.

Western Coastal Plains		Eastern Coastal Plains
1.	It lies between the Western Ghats and the Arabian sea.	It lies between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal.
2.	It extends from Rann of Kutch in the north to Kanniyakumari in the south	It extends from West Bengal in the north to Tamil Nadu in the south
3.	It has sandy beaches, coastal sand dunes, lagoons, mudflats and residual hills.	It consists of alluvial deposits. The coastal plain has regular shore line with beaches.
4.	The northern part of this coast is known as Konkan coast and the southern part is known as Malabar coast.	The northern part of this coast is known as Northern Circars and the southern part is known as Coromandal coast.

 

V. Answer in brief

1.    Name the neighbouring countries of India.

• Pakistan
• Afghanistan
• China
• Nepal
• Bhutan
• Bangladesh
• Sri Lanka
• Myanmar

 

2.     Give the importance of IST.

• The longitudinal difference between Gujarat in the west and Arunachal Pradesh in the east is about 30°.
• Since Arunachal Pradesh is towards east, it will have sunrise about two hours earlier than the sunrise at Gujarat which is in the west.
• In order to avoid these differences, Indian standard time is calculated.
• The local time of the central meridian of India is the standard time of India.
• India’s central meridian is 82°30’E longitude.

 

3.     Write a short note on Deccan Plateau.

• Deccan plateau is the largest plateau in India.
• It is triangular in shape.
• It is bounded by Western Ghats in the west, Eastern Ghats in the east and Satpura range in the north.
• The area of this plateau is about 7 lakh square km.
• Its height ranges from 500 to 1000 m above sea level.
• It slopes from west to east.

 

4. State the west flowing rivers of India.

    NarmadaTaptiMahiSharavati

 

5.     Write a brief note on the island group of Lakshadweep.

• The three divisions Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi were renamed as Lakshadweep in 1973.
• Lakshadweep is a small group of coral islands located off the west coast of India.
• It covers an area of 32 sq. km.
• Its capital is Kavaratti.
• There is a bird sanctuary in Pitt island.

 

VI. Answer in a paragraph

1. Explain the divisions of Northern mountains and its importance to India.

• The northern mountain is grouped into three divisions.
• The Trans-Himalayas
• The Himalayas
• Eastern Himalayas or Purvanchal hills

    The Trans Himalayas:

• It lies to the north of the great Himalayas range.
• As its areal extend is more in Tibet it is also known as Tibetean Himalayas.
• This region contains marine sediments together with Tertiary granite.
• Zaskar, Ladakh, Kailash and Karakoram are important ranges..

    The Himalayas:

    The Greater Himalayas (Himadri):

• The Greater Himalayas rise abruptly like a wall north of the Lesser Himalayas.
• Peaks like Everest and Kanchenjunga are located here.
• It is permanently covered with snow.

    The Lesser Himalayas (Himachal):

• It is the middle range of the Himalayas.
• The major rocks of this range are slate, lime stone and quartzite.
• Shimla, Mussourie, Nainital, Almora, Ranikhet and Darjeeling are important hill stations.

    The Outer Himalayas (The Siwaliks):

• It is partly made by the debris brought by the Himalayan rivers.
• The longitudinal valleys found between Siwaliks and the lesser Himalayas are called Duns and Duars.
• These are best suited for human settlements.

    Purvanchal Hills:

• These are the eastern off-shoot of Himalayas.
• It is extended in the north eastern states of India.
• A number of hills are found here. All these hills are collectively known as Purvanchal hills.

    Importance of Himalayas:

• Himalayas blocks southwest monsoon winds and causes heavy rainfall to north India.
• It forms a natural barrier to the sub-continent.
• It is the source of many perennial rivers like Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra etc.
• The Northern mountains are described as the paradise of tourists due to its natural beauty.
• Many hill stations and pilgrim centres like Amarnath, Kedarnath, Badrinath and Vaishnavidevi temples are situated here.
• It provides raw material for many forest based industries.
• It prevents the cold winds blowing from the central Asia and protects India from severe cold.
• Himalayas are renowned for the rich bio-diversity.

 

2.    Give an account on the major peninsular rivers of India.

• The rivers of south India are called the Peninsular rivers.
• These rivers are non-perennial in nature.
• Based on the direction of the flow, these rivers are divided into the west following rivers and the east flowing rivers.

    East flowing rivers:

    Mahanadi:

• The river Mahanadi originates near Sihawa in Raipur district of Chattisgarh and flows through Odisha.
• It has many tributaries and distributaries.
• All these distributaries form the delta of Mahanadi which is one of the largest deltas in India.
• The Mahanadi empties its water in the Bay of Bengal.

    Godavari:

• Godavari is the longest of the Peninsular rivers.
• It is also called Vridha Ganga.
• It originates in Nasik district of Maharashtra and flows through Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.

    Krishna:

• It originates from a spring at a place called Mahabaleshwar in the Western Ghats.
• It is the second largest peninsular river.
• Bhima and Thungabhadra are its major tributaries.
• It flows through Andhra Pradesh and joins the Bay of Bengal.

    Kaveri:

• It originates at Talaikaveri, Kudagu hills of Karnataka.
• It is called Dhakshin Ganga or Ganga of the South.
• Bhavani, Noyyal and Amaravathi are main tributaries.
• Hogenakkal falls is on this river.
• It breaks into Coleroon and Kaveri and empties into the Bay of Bengal near Poompuhar.

    West flowing rivers:

    Narmada:

• It originates in Amarkantak plateau in Madhya Pradesh.
• It is the longest among the west flowing Peninsular rivers.
• It drains into the Arabian sea through the Gulf of Cambay.

    Tapti:

• It originates near Multai in Madhya Pradesh.
• It is also one of the major rivers of Peninsular India.
• It drains into the Arabian sea through the Gulf of Cambay.

 

3.    Give a detailed account on the basin of the Ganga.

• River Ganga originates from Gangotri glacier in Uttar Khasi district of Uttarkhand state.
• The length of this river is about 2525km.
• Gomti, Gandak, Kosi, Ghaghra, Son and Sambal are its tributaries.
• River Ganga is known as River Padma in Bangladesh.
• Ganga and Brahmaputra together create the world’s largest delta known as Sundarbans in Bangladesh before joining the Bay of Bengal.
• The Ganga river system is the largest drainage system in India.
• The Ganga plain is the most densely populated place in India.
• Many towns are developed on the banks of this river.
• Ganga plain is the largest plain in India.

 

VII. Map Exercises

Mark the following in the outline map of India

1.  Major mountain ranges – Karakoram, Ladakh, Zaskar, Aravalli, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats.

2.  Major rivers – Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra, Narmada, Tapti, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna & Kaveri.

3.  Major plateaus – Malwa, Chotanagpur, Deccan.

VIII. Activities

1. Observe the Peninsular Plateau map of India and mark the major plateau divisions of India. (Activity for the Students)
2. Prepare a table showing the major West flowing and East flowing rivers of peninsular India. (Activity for the Students)
3. Assume that you are travelling from West Bengal to Gujarat along the beautiful coasts of India. Find out the states which you would pass through.  (Activity for the Students)
4. Find out the states through which the river Ganga flows.  (Activity for the Students)
5. Prepare a table showing the major rivers in India and find out its tributaries, origin, length and area.                        (Activity for the Students)